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Orthoptics (from the Greek words ortho meaning "straight", and optikas meaning "vision" [1]) is the discipline dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of defective eye coordination, binocular vision, and functional amblyopia by non-pharmaceutical and non-surgical methods, e.g., glasses, prisms, exercises. [2] The goal of orthoptics is to improve comfort and efficiency of binocular function.

Contents

  • 1 History and scope of treatment
  • 2 Orthoptists
  • 3 Applications
  • 4 Notes
  • 5 See also
  • 6 External links

History and scope of treatment

The practice of orthoptics dates back to the 1850s and has its origins in the concept of "vision therapy", which was introduced in the late nineteenth century for the non-surgical correction of crossed eyes. Optometric collaboration with psychologists, educators, and neuroscientists produced an expansion of vision therapy into the treatment of other eye teaming deficits as well as dysfunctions in visual focusing, perception, tracking, and motor skills. Whereas the practice of vision therapy often addresses neurological and visual-motor issues, orthoptics is strictly concerned with treating those problems related to binocular vision disorders.

Orthoptists

Orthoptics is practiced by ophthalmologists, optometrists, and orthoptists. In many countries there is formal training for orthoptists that usually lasts 2 to 4 years post graduate training and includes both theoretical and practical training. Orthoptists usually work in close cooperation with ophthalmologists, pediatricians, and sometimes neurologists.

Applications

  • Near point of convergence exercises (i.e. "pencil push-ups")
  • Convergence training - Base-out prism reading, stereogram cards, computerized training programs are used to improve fusional convergence[1].

Notes

  1. ^ Bartis, MJ. Convergence Insufficiency. eMedicine. January 25, 2005.

See also

  • College of Optometrists in Vision Development
  • Convergence insufficiency
  • Diplopia
  • Pediatric ophthalmology
  • Strabismus

External links

  • American Association of Certified Orthoptists / American Orthoptic Council
  • American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
  • British and Irish Orthoptic Society
  • The Canadian Orthoptic Society
  • College of Optometrists in Vision Development
  • Commité des Orthoptistes de la Communauté Européenne (OCE)
  • International Orthoptic Association
  • Irish Association of Orthoptists
  • Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Association
  • Optometrists Network
  • Orthoptic Association of Australia

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