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delinquency

corrected for juvenile delinquency

Criminology and Penology
Theories
Anomie
Differential Association Theory
Deviance
Labelling Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Social Control Theory
Social Disorganisation Theory
Social Learning Theory
Strain Theory
Subcultural Theory
Symbolic Interactionism · Victimology
Types of crimes
Blue-collar crime · Corporate crime
Juvenile crime
Organised crime
Political crime · Public order crime
Public order case law in the U.S.
State crime · State-corporate crime
White-collar crime
Penology
Deterrence · Prison
Prison reform · Prisoner abuse
Prisoners' rights · Rehabilitation
Recidivism · Retribution
Utilitarianism
See also Sociology
See also Wikibooks:Social Deviance

Juvenile delinquency refers to antisocial or criminal acts performed by juveniles. It is an important social issue because juveniles are capable of committing serious crimes, but most legal systems prescribe specific procedures and punishments for dealing with such crimes.

Nature and causes

Juvenile Delinquency may refer to either violent or non-violent crime committed by persons who are (usually) under the adult age (In the United States, 18). However, there is much debate about whether or not a child should be held criminally responsible for his or her own actions. There are many different outside influences that affect the way a child acts both negatively and positively, some of those influences are as follows:

• Physical abuse
• Sexual abuse
• Psychological abuse
• Abandonment
• Social institutions
• Peer pressure

Theoretical Perspectives on Juvenile Delinquency and Crime

Travis Hirschi

A scholar in the field of crime and juvenile delinquency as well as other areas, has numerous theories about juvenile delinquency. A few of his most praised theories are social control theory which is any illegal behavior that occurs within the moment, not planned. Also, self control theory which is any behavior that uses force or fraud in pursuit of self interest. Both are similar theories that attempt to explain juvenile delinquency and suggest that all people are naturally bad. Hirshi believes that youth in particular who use drugs and commit crime do it because they lack self control. Hirschi believes that poor parenting and families that are unable or unwilling to monitor their child's behaviors lack self control. For these theories to play out in an effective manner, self-control would need to work before social control can work. Hirschi believes that whoever is the most conformist in society, not necessarily the smartest will have the most self-control. Travis Hirshi is saying that too much autonomy is not a good thing when dealing with interpersonal relationships among children.

Robert Merton

Merton believes that there is a serious relationship between poverty and crime. His theory suggests that if you are poor you are more likely to commit crimes and become a criminal. He feels that there are institutionalized paths to happiness in our society. He believes in a society of equilibrium where goals = means. A society of disequlibrium would be adaptation. Merton's Strain Theory suggests four attributes.

1. Innovation: individuals who accept socially approved goals, but not necesarily the socially approved means.
2. Retreatism: those who reject socially approved goals and the means for acquiring them.
3. Ritualism: people who buy into system of socially approved means but lose sight of the goals (Merton believed that drug users are in this category).
4. Conformity: those who conform to the system's means and goals.
5. Rebellion: people who negate socially approved goals and means by creating a new system of acceptable goals and means.

See also

• Child imprisonment
• Crime
• Hooliganism
• Parenting
• Separatism
• Revolution
• Rebellion

Bibliography

• Regoli, Robert M. and Hewitt, John D. Delinquency in Society, 6th ed. (2006).

• Siegel, J Larry. Juvenile Delinquency with Infotrac: theory, practices and law. (2002)

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