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For the automobile, see Chevrolet Corvette.
French steam corvette Dupleix (1856-1887) Canadian corvettes on antisubmarine convoy escort duty during World War II.

A corvette is a small, maneuverable, lightly armed warship, smaller than a frigate. Almost all modern navies use ships smaller than frigates for coastal duty, but not all of them use the term corvette.

Contents

  • 1 Sailing vessels
  • 2 World War II
  • 3 Modern Corvettes
  • 4 See also
  • 5 Further reading
  • 6 External links

Sailing vessels

The original corvettes were a form of sloop-of-war.

World War II

The modern corvette appeared during World War II as an easily built patrol and convoy escort vessels. The British naval designer William Reed drew up a small ship based on a whale catcher design which could be produced quickly in large numbers. Future Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, had a hand in it reviving the name "corvette". The first were the Flower class (because the Royal Navy ships were named after flowers) though ships in Royal Canadian Navy service took the name of smaller Canadian cities. Their chief duty was to protect convoys in the North Atlantic and on the routes from the UK Murmansk carrying supplies to the Soviet Union. The Royal Australian Navy built 60 corvettes, including 20 for the Royal Navy (crewed by Australians) and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy. These were officially described as Australian Mine Sweepers, or Bathurst class corvettes and were named after Australian towns.

Later in World War II the Royal Navy introduced the Castle class, some of which remained in service until the mid-1950s.

Modern Corvettes

After the attack on the USS Cole, modern navies began to see the importance of smaller, more maneuverable vessels that could operate close to shore, as well as at sea. These ships could defend a country's assets and interests far away from its own shores, with sophisticated weapons and surveillance equipment. But since they were smaller and cheaper than frigates and destroyers, they could more effectively combat the kind of small attack craft utizilized in the attack on the USS Cole. Around the same time, navies operated by smaller countries, such as the United Arab Emirates began to realize that their offshore patrol vessels were lacking the ability to defend themselves in a modern war, especially against air attacks.

Typical corvettes today have a displacement between 490 and 2,500 metric tons and measure 55-100 meters in length. They usually are armed with medium and small caliber guns, surface-to-surface missiles, and surface-to-air missiles, and underwater warfare weapons. Many can accomodate a small or medium ASW helicopter.

Possibly the most advanced corvette today is the Swedish Navy's Visby-class corvette. It is the first operational warship to extensively utilize stealth technology, although other countries, such as Germany, Poland, Russia, and Israel, are developing similar vessels. The United States is developing a Littoral Combat Ship, which will be very similar to a corvette.

See also

  • List of corvette and sloop classes of the Royal Navy
  • HMAS Castlemaine -- a museum ship -- Bathurst class corvette
  • HMCS Sackville -- a museum ship -- the sole remaining Flower class corvette

Further reading

  • The collection Three Corvettes by Nicholas Monsarrat recounts the writer's World War II experiences on corvettes, starting as an inexperienced small-boat sailor and ending as captain.
  • The novel The Cruel Sea also by Nicholas Monsarrat, which is about the life and death of a Flower class corvette and the men in her, is regarded as one of the classic naval stories of World War II.

External links

  • battleships-cruisers.co.uk - Lists of ships, historic info, pictures...
    • Argentine Navy
    • Brazilian Navy wooden Corvettes
    • Danish Navy
    • French Corvettes
    • Italian Corvettes
    • Royal Navy Corvettes
    • Uruguayan Navy
    • Other Navies Brunei, Moroccan Navy, Moroccan Navy corvettes
  • Bathurst Class Corvettes


Types of sailing vessels and rigs

Bark | Barque | Barquentine | Bilander | Brig | Brigantine | Caravel | Carrack | Catamaran | Catboat | Clipper | Dutch Clipper | Cog | Corvette | Cutter | Dhow | Fluyt | Fore & Aft Rig | Frigate | Full Rigged Ship | Gaff Rig | Galleon | Gunter Rig | Hermaphrodite Brig | Junk | Ketch | Mersey Flat | Multihull | Nao | Norfolk Wherry | Pink | Pocket Cruiser | Polacca | Pram | Proa | Schooner | Ship of the Line | Sloop | Smack | Snow | Square Rig | Tall Ship | Thames Sailing Barge | Trimaran | Wherry | Windjammer | Windsurfer | Xebec | Yacht | Yawl

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