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corrected for storage buildings

Storage is the at least semi-permanent holding of an amount of something. A storage device is an apparatus for holding things. Another general term, is container. Depending on context it may have a more specific meaning. A tank is a container for liquid, e.g. water or petroleum. In computers it refers to devices that keep data, programs, and other information.

Storage furniture includes:

bookcase
cabinet
chest
cupboard
desk (also serves as table)
sideboard/hutch
wardrobe

For cool storage a refrigerator is used.

For archival storage, an environment (a room, case, display, etc.) that is climate controlled (temperature, humidity and light) is required.

A closet is something between a piece of furniture and a room.

Places in and around the house used for storage, often less suitable as living space, are a shed, a cellar, and an attic. A garage is also used as far as not all space is needed for the car, or if it is not used to park a car in. Of these, the cellar tends to be cooler than the rest of the house, which can be an advantage for storage of foods, drinks, batteries, etc.

Storage buildings include a warehouse and a depot.

One form of waste management is storing the waste. See e.g. dry cask storage.

More abstractly:

In physics, a capacitor is said to store electric charge.
Books are said to store knowledge, or even wisdom.
Storage of information in memory; also, computers, hard drives and RAM are said to store information, (see Computer storage).

Public storage facilities

A facility to store clothing, bags, suitcases, or various belongings is often provided in train stations, theatres, schools, swimming pools, saunas, libraries, etc., and sometimes in shops.

It may be called left-luggage, cloakroom, locker room, etc.

For access control there may either be an attendant who provides a ticket, or a storage compartment can be locked with a key (a traditional key or a keycard), or it has a combination lock. Sometimes a fingerprint scanner is used.

The facility is sometimes compulsory for large bags and for coats in a museum or shop, to prevent theft.

The facility may be free of charge or require a fee; even if it is free of charge, one may have to pay a deposit for the key.

In swimming pools and saunas the key is attached to a strap, to be attached to a wrist or ankle.