searchspell:on demandcorrected for video on demand
Video on demand (VOD) systems are systems which allow users to select and watch video content over a network as part of an interactive television system. VOD systems are either "streaming", in which viewing can start as the video streams over the Internet (or other network), or "download", in which the program is brought in its entirety to a set-top box before viewing starts. All download and some streaming video on demand systems allow the user to pause, fast forward, fast rewind, slow forward, slow rewind, jump to previous/future frame etc. In other words to provide a large subset of VCR functionality. For streaming systems this requires more effort on the part of the server, and may also require greater network bandwidth. It is possible to put video servers on LANs, in which case they can provide very rapid response to users. Streaming video servers can also serve a wider community via a WAN, in which case the responsiveness may be reduced. Nevertheless, it is possible to provide streaming VOD services over a wide area network. Download VOD services are practical to homes equipped with cable modems or DSL lines. The first commercial VOD service took place in Hong Kong around 1990. The technology was not mature, Video CDs were much cheaper, and pay TV was not common in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Telecom lost a large amount of money and the service was shut down after it was acquired by Pacific Century Cyberworks in 2000. VOD services are now available in all parts of the USA. Streaming VOD systems are available from cable providers (similar to cable modem technology) who use the large downstream bandwidth present on cable systems to deliver movies and television shows. Users can typically pause, fast-forward, and rewind VOD movies due to the low latency and random-access nature of cable technology. The large distribution of a single signal makes streaming VOD impractical for most satellite TV systems; however, EchoStar recently announced a plan to offer video on demand programming to PVR-owning subscribers of its DISH Network satellite TV service. The programs are automatically recorded on the PVR, then the users can watch, play, pause, and seek at their convenience. VOD is also quite common in more expensive hotels. Internet download VOD systems are widely available. VOD services are also available in other parts of the world. The ANYTIME service provides VOD to cable providers in Taiwan and to TransACT Communications in Australia. TransACT also operates its own VOD services including sports and adult content. It is possible to implement VOD using methods such as bandwidth skimming, which can deliver O(log n) scaling as the number of users increase. Over IP Video (OIPV) This is an emerging technology that enables video on demand(VOD) to be transmitted over Internet Protocol (IP). It is not the same as VOIP as that is limited to voice communication - this technology permits the transmission over the IP system of streaming Video via not only via broadband connections but also using 3G telephone networks that use the IP address system to access the internet. This means that streaming video on demand (VOD) can be transmitted to mobile phones and other such devices. VOD is likely to be transmitted in the future not only using the internet to computers but also to mobile phone devices as outlined in The Economist of 6 January 2006 this is likely to be the next big thing and many companies are competing but a clear cut business model has yet to emerge. According to the economist it may takes until 2008 before new services utilising this technology come to market as it will require deals to be struck between content providers who will provide the programmes and the phone companies that will provide access to the content using OIPV.
Near Video on DemandNear Video on Demand (NVOD) is an Pay-per-view consumer video technique used by multi-channel broadcasters using high-bandwidth distribution mechanisms such as satellite and Cable television. Multiple copies of a programme are broadcast at short time intervals (typically 10–20 minutes) providing convenience for viewers, who can watch the programme without needing to tune in at a scheduled point in time. This form of broadcasting uses large amounts of bandwidth and is only viable for operators with large amounts of spare capacity. Video on demand providers
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